PSG has now secured the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.